Demyelinating lesions
Less common causes
Multiple sclerosis
Sarcoidosis
Sjögren's disease
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Infectious encephalitis
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Krabbe disease
Central pontine myelinolysis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Leucodystrophy
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Arylsulphatase A deficiency
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Uncommon causes
Marchiafava-Bignami disease
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency
Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency
Acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency
Mucosulfatidosis
Autosomal dominant leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase deficiency
Pharmacological causes
Atezolizumab
Avelumab
Cemiplimab
Durvalumab
Golimumab
Zinc sulfate