Table of contents
Low back pain
What's new
Updated 2024 ASPN guidelines for the diagnosis and management of sacroiliitis.
Guidelines
Key sources
Screening and diagnosis
Classification and risk stratification
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Prognosis
Diagnostic investigations
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Diagnostic imaging
Laboratory testing
EMG
Psychosocial evaluation
Diagnostic procedures
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Diagnostic nerve blocks
Medical management
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Topical capsaicin
Topical lidocaine
NSAIDs
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Opioids
Corticosteroids
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Ketamine
Cannabinoids
Vitamin D
Nonpharmacologic interventions
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Activity modifications (work-hardening programs)
Physical therapy
Local heat
Bracing
Assistive devices
Weight loss
Psychological interventions
Alternative and complementary medicine (manual therapy)
Alternative and complementary medicine (traction)
Alternative and complementary medicine (acupuncture and acupressure)
Alternative and complementary medicine (dry needling)
Alternative and complementary medicine (therapeutic ultrasound)
Alternative and complementary medicine (laser therapy)
Alternative and complementary medicine (electromyographic biofeedback)
Alternative and complementary medicine (herbal products)
Therapeutic procedures
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Intrathecal injections
Facet joint injections
Sacroiliac joint injections
Intradiscal injections
Intraligamentous injections
Intramuscular injections
Trigger point injections (indications)
Trigger point injections (technical considerations)
Intradiscal electrothermal therapy
Radiofrequency denervation
Cryodenervation
Medial branch block
Spinal cord stimulation
Peripheral nerve stimulation
Perioperative care
Surgical interventions
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Spinal decompression
Vertebroplasty
Kyphoplasty
Vertebral disc replacement
Facet rhizotomy
Sacroiliac joint surgery
Spinal fusion