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Insufficient evidence to make a recommendation.

Strongly favor this test or intervention.

The calculator in question is the Risk Score for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Outcome. This scoring system is specifically designed for patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), a rare form of stroke caused by a clot in the venous sinuses of the brain. 

The clinical utility of this calculator is to predict the patient's outcome after CVT, including the likelihood of death or dependency. It takes into account various factors such as age, gender, coma, mental status disturbances, intracerebral hemorrhage, deep venous system thrombosis, central nervous system infection, and cancer. 

The score helps clinicians to stratify patients based on their risk and guide treatment decisions. It can also be used to provide patients and their families with a prognosis, which can be helpful in making informed decisions about care.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of this calculator. However, it should be noted that the score is less reliable in patients with incomplete data or those with rare causes of CVT not included in the score.

Risk score for cerebral venous thrombosis outcome

# Criteria
 A. Male gender (+1)
B. Malignancy (+2)
C. Coma (+2)
D. Mental status disturbance (+1)
E. Deep venous thrombosis (+2) 
F. Intracranial hemorrhage (+1)

# Conditions
- score == 0
- score == 1
- score == 2
- score == 3
- score >= 4

The Wells' Criteria for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical prediction rule used to determine the pretest probability of DVT in patients. This calculator is applicable to patients who present with symptoms suggestive of DVT, such as leg pain, swelling, or discoloration. 

The clinical utility of the Wells' Criteria for DVT is to stratify patients into different risk categories (low, moderate, high) based on their score, which can guide further diagnostic testing. A higher score indicates a higher probability of having DVT. This can help clinicians decide whether to proceed with further diagnostic imaging, such as an ultrasound or D-dimer test.

Exclusion criteria for the use of this calculator include patients who have already been diagnosed with DVT or pulmonary embolism, those who are currently on anticoagulation therapy, and those with other conditions that could mimic the symptoms of DVT, such as cellulitis or Baker's cyst.

Wells' criteria for deep vein thrombosis

# Criteria
 ## Active cancer (treatment within the previous 6 months or current palliative care)
A. Yes (+1)
B. No (+0)
## Bedridden recently >= 3 days or major surgery within the previous 12 weeks
C. Yes (+1)
D. No (+0)
## Calf swelling > 3 cm compared to the asymptomatic side (measured 10 cm below tibial tuberosity)
E. Yes (+1)
F. No (+0)
## Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose)
G. Yes (+1)
H. No (+0)
## Entire leg swelling
I. Yes (+1)
J. No (+0)
## Localized tenderness along the deep venous system
K. Yes (+1)
L. No (+0)
## Pitting edema confined to symptomatic leg
M. Yes (+1)
N. No (+0)
## Paralysis, paresis, or recent plaster immobilization of the lower extremity
O. Yes (+1)
P. No (+0)
## Previously documented DVT
Q. Yes (+1)
R. No (+0)
## Alternative diagnosis at least as likely as DVT
S. Yes (-2)
T. No (+0)

# Conditions
- score <= 0
- score <= 2
- score >= 3
- score == 0

The Geneva Risk Score, also known as the Revised Geneva Score, is a clinical calculator used to estimate the pretest probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients. This scoring system is applicable to patients who present with symptoms suggestive of PE, such as sudden onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, or unexplained cough with or without blood.

The Geneva Risk Score is clinically useful in stratifying patients into different risk categories (low, intermediate, high) based on various factors including age, previous history of DVT or PE, recent surgery or fracture, active malignancy, unilateral lower limb pain, hemoptysis, heart rate, and pain on lower limb deep venous palpation and unilateral edema. 

This risk stratification helps clinicians decide whether further diagnostic testing is necessary, and aids in the management of patients with suspected PE. It is particularly useful in the emergency department setting.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the Geneva Risk Score. However, it should be noted that this score is not intended to replace clinical judgment, and should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.

Geneva Risk Score for venous thromboembolism

# Criteria
 A. Cardiac failure (+2)
B. Respiratory failure (+2)
C. Recent stroke (< 3 months) (+2)
D. Recent myocardial infarction (< 4 weeks) (+2)
E. Acute infectious disease (Including sepsis) (+2)
F. Acute rheumatic disease (+2)
G. Active cancer (+2)
H. Myeloproliferative syndrome (+2)
I. Nephrotic syndrome (+2)
J. Prior venous thromboembolism (+2)
K. Known hypercoagulable state (+2)
L. Immobilization for >= 3 days (complete bed rest/inability to walk for > 30 minutes per day) (+1)
M. Recent travel for > 6 hours (+1)
N. Age > 60 years (+1)
O. Obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m**2) (+1)
P. Chronic venous insufficiency (+1)
Q. Pregnancy (+1)
R. Hormonal therapy (Contraceptive or replacement therapy) (+1)
S. Dehydration (+1)

# Conditions
- score <= 2
- score >= 3
- score == 0

The Padua Prediction Score for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of developing VTE in hospitalized patients. This scoring system is particularly applicable to patients who are acutely ill and admitted to the hospital for medical conditions, rather than surgical procedures. 

The clinical utility of the Padua Prediction Score lies in its ability to stratify patients into low and high-risk categories for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This risk stratification can guide clinicians in deciding whether to initiate prophylactic anticoagulation therapy, thereby potentially preventing the occurrence of VTE.

The Padua Prediction Score should not be used in patients who are already on anticoagulation therapy, as this would alter the risk assessment. Additionally, it may not be applicable to patients admitted for surgical procedures, as the risk factors and prophylaxis strategies for VTE may differ in this population.

Padua prediction score for venous thromboembolism

# Criteria
 A. Active cancer (+3)
B. Previous venous thrombosis (excluding superficial vein thrombosis) (+3)
C. Reduced mobility (+3)
D. Already known thrombophilic condition (+3)
E. Recent trauma and/or surgery (<= 1 month) (+2)
F. Age (>= 70 years) (+1)
G. Heart and/or respiratory failure (+1)
H. Acute myocardial infarction and/or ischemic stroke (+1)
I. Acute infection and/or rheumatologic disorder (+1)
J. Obesity (body mass index >= 30) (+1)
K. Ongoing hormonal treatment (+1)

# Conditions
- score <= 3
- score >= 4
- score == 0

The Caprini Score, also known as the Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM), is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical patients. This scoring system is applicable to both inpatients and outpatients undergoing surgery, and it helps clinicians to stratify patients into different risk categories for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). 

The clinical utility of the Caprini Score is to guide prophylactic interventions for VTE. Based on the patient's score, clinicians can decide whether to use mechanical prophylaxis, pharmacological prophylaxis, or both. 

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the Caprini Score. However, it is important to note that this score is not intended to replace clinical judgment. It should be used as a tool to assist in decision-making and not as the sole determinant of a patient's management plan.

Caprini Score for venous thromboembolism

# Criteria
 ## Age
A. <= 40 (+0)
B. 41-60 (+1)
C. 61-74 (+2)
D. >= 75 (+3)
## Type of surgery
E. None (+0)
F. Minor (+1)
G. Arthroscopic, major (> 45 min) or laparoscopic (> 45 min) (+2)
H. Elective major lower extremity arthroplasty (+5)
## Varicose veins
I. Yes (+1)
J. No (+0)
## Current swollen legs
K. Yes (+1)
L. No (+0)
## Current central venous access
M. Yes (+2)
N. No (+0)
## History of DVT/PE
O. Yes (+3)
P. No (+0)
## Family history of thrombosis
Q. Yes (+3)
R. No (+0)
## Positive Factor V Leiden
S. Yes (+3)
T. No (+0)
## Positive prothrombin 20210A
U. Yes (+3)
V. No (+0)
## Elevated serum homocysteine
W. Yes (+3)
X. No (+0)
## Positive lupus anticoagulant
Y. Yes (+3)
Z. No (+0)
## Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies
AA. Yes (+3)
AB. No (+0)
## Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
AC. Yes (+3)
AD. No (+0)
## Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia
AE. Yes (+3)
AF. No (+0)
## Mobility
AG. Normal, out of bed (+0)
AH. Medical patient currently at bed rest (+1)
AI. Patient confined to bed > 72 hours (+2)
## History of inflammatory bowel disease
AJ. Yes (+1)
AK. No (+0)
## Body mass index > 25
AL. Yes (+1)
AM. No (+0)
## History of acute MI
AN. Yes (+1)
AO. No (+0)
## COPD
AP. Yes (+1)
AQ. No (+0)
## Present or previous malignancy
AR. Yes (+2)
AS. No (+0)
## Other risk factors
AT. Yes (+1)
AU. No (+0)
# Recent (< 1 month) events
AV. Prior major surgery (+1)
AW. Congestive heart failure (+1)
AX. Sepsis (+1)
AY. Serious lung disease including pneumonia (+1)
AZ. Immobilizing plaster cast (+2)
BA. Hip, pelvis, or leg fracture (+5)
BB. Stroke (+5)
BC. Multiple trauma (+5)
BD. Acute spinal cord injury (paralysis) (+5)
# Female patients only
BE. History of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement (+1)
BF. History of unexplained stillborn, >= 3 spontaneous abortions, or premature birth with toxemia or growth-restricted infant (+1)
BG. Pregnancy or postpartum (+1)

# Conditions
- score <= 2
- score <= 4
- score <= 6
- score <= 8
- score >= 9
- score == 0

The IMPROVE risk score is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients. The acronym IMPROVE stands for International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism. 

This risk score is specifically designed for adult patients who are hospitalized for medical illnesses, rather than surgical patients. It is used to identify patients at high risk of developing VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), during their hospital stay. 

The IMPROVE risk score includes seven risk factors: previous VTE, known thrombophilia, lower limb paralysis, immobility, active cancer, ICU or CCU admission, and age over 60 years. Each factor is assigned a certain number of points, and the total score is used to estimate the patient's risk of VTE.

The clinical utility of this calculator is to guide prophylactic anticoagulation therapy decisions in hospitalized medical patients. Patients with a high IMPROVE score may benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent VTE.

There are no specific exclusion criteria for the use of the IMPROVE risk score. However, it should not be used in patients for

IMPROVE risk score for venous thromboembolism

# Criteria
 ## Previous venous thromboembolism
A. Yes (+3)
B. No (+0)
## Known thrombophilia
C. Yes (+2)
D. No (+0)
## Current lower-limb paralysis
E. Yes (+2)
F. No (+0)
## History of cancer (any time in the past 5 years)
G. Yes (+2)
H. No (+0)
## Immobilized >= 7 days (Immediately prior to and during hospital admission)
I. Yes (+1)
J. No (+0)
## ICU/CCU stay
K. Yes (+1)
L. No (+0)
## Age > 60 years
M. Yes (+1)
N. No (+0)

# Conditions
- score == 0
- score == 1
- score == 2
- score == 3
- score == 4
- score <= 10
- score > 10

The IMPROVEDD risk score is a clinical calculator used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients. The acronym IMPROVEDD stands for eight variables used in the calculation: Immobility, Malignancy, Previous VTE, Rhythm other than sinus (atrial fibrillation), Obesity, already on Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, Elderly (age >60 years), and D-dimer level. 

This risk score is particularly useful in stratifying patients' risk for VTE, which includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It helps clinicians decide on the need for prophylactic anticoagulation in hospitalized medical patients. 

The IMPROVEDD score is not applicable to patients who are already diagnosed with VTE, as it is a predictive tool for undiagnosed VTE. It is also not suitable for use in pediatric patients, pregnant women, or patients with contraindications to anticoagulation.

IMPROVEDD risk score for venous thromboembolism

# Criteria
 ## Previous VTE
A. Yes (+3)
B. No (+0)
## Known thrombophilia
C. Yes (+2)
D. No (+0)
## Current lower-limb paralysis
E. Yes (+2)
F. No (+0)
## Current cancer
G. Yes (+2)
H. No (+0)
## Immobilized >= 7 days
I. Yes (+1)
J. No (+0)
## ICU/CCU stay
K. Yes (+1)
L. No (+0)
## Age > 60 years
M. Yes (+1)
N. No (+0)
## D-dimer >= 2× the upper limit of normal
O. Yes (+2)
P. No (+0)

# Conditions
- score == 0
- score == 1
- score == 2
- score == 3
- score == 4
- score >= 5

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