Table of contents
Allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease
What's new
Added 2018 Japanese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease.
Background
Overview
Definition
Allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease are a group of conditions characterized by functional obstruction of the intestine despite the presence of ganglion cells in the terminal rectum.
1
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease involves functional obstruction of the intestine, which can occur despite the presence of ganglion cells in the terminal rectum. This can be due to abnormalities in the ganglia or normal ganglia with other underlying issues.
1
Epidemiology
A nationwide survey in Japan collected 355 cases of these disorders over a 10-year period.
1
Disease course
Clinical manifestations can vary widely depending on the specific disorder, but they generally involve symptoms of intestinal obstruction, such as abdominal distension, vomiting, and constipation.
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Prognosis and risk of recurrence
The prognosis of these disorders can vary. Congenital hypoganglionosis, megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction have been associated with poor prognosis.
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Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (MHLW 2018)....
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Screening and diagnosis
Diagnosis: as per MHLW 2018 guidelines, Suspect the diagnosis of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in patients with observed microcolon and megalocystis confirmed on cystography, CT, or ultrasound.
B
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Differential diagnosis
Classification and risk stratification
Diagnostic investigations
History and physical examination: as per MHLW 2018 guidelines, Elicit clinical history and perform physical examination to determine the duration of symptoms and bowel obstruction conditions in patients with suspected chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
B
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Diagnostic imaging
Diagnostic procedures
Medical management
Pharmacologic therapy
As per MHLW 2018 guidelines:
Insufficient evidence to support the use of any medication for the management of patients with isolated hypoganglionosis.
I
Insufficient evidence to support the use of any of the following medications for the management of patients with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction:
prucalopride
cisapride
antibiotics (erythromycin)
I
Nonpharmacologic interventions
Nutrition
As per MHLW 2018 guidelines:
Offer enteral and parenteral nutrition for nutritional management of patients with isolated hypoganglionosis, megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
B
Recognize that adequate nutritional support is required for a long period of time in many patients with isolated hypoganglionosis, megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
B
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Probiotics
Herbal products