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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can be elevated due to a variety of benign and malignant conditions:
1.
Differential diagnosis
3.
Clinical consequences of a genetic predisposition toward higher benign prostate-specific antigen levels
4.
The influence of prostate volume on prostate-specific antigen performance: implications for the prostate cancer prevention trial outcomes
5.
Impact of body mass index, age, prostate volume, and genetic polymorphisms on prostate-specific antigen levels in a control population
6.
A case of pseudoelevation of prostate specific antigen level
2.
Elevated PSA levels are not specific to malignancy. The degree of elevation, rate of increase over time (PSA velocity), and the ratio of free to total PSA can provide additional diagnostic information.
References
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Acid phosphatase, increased - Causes
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Hematospermia - Causes
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