Table of contents
Thymic epithelial tumors
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of thymic epithelial tumors are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO 2015).
1
Screening and diagnosis
Classification and risk stratification
Classification: as per ESMO 2015 guidelines, classify TETs according to the WHO histopathological classification.
E
consider using the WHO classification for small biopsies, although it is designed for surgical resection specimens. B
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Staging
Diagnostic investigations
Diagnostic imaging: as per ESMO 2015 guidelines, obtain contrast-enhanced chest CT as standard imaging for thymic tumors.
B
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Laboratory tests
Diagnostic procedures
Medical management
General principles
As per ESMO 2015 guidelines:
Avoid performing therapeutic intervention in patients with a lesion < 30 mm given the low risk of progression or thymic malignancy.
D
Decide on the treatment strategy in patients with TETs primarily based on whether the tumor may be resected upfront or not.
B
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Adjuvant chemotherapy
Induction chemotherapy
Definitive chemotherapy
Targeted therapy
Management of autoimmune syndromes
Therapeutic procedures
Adjuvant radiotherapy, indications: as per ESMO 2015 guidelines, do not offer postoperative radiotherapy after complete resection of Masaoka-Koga stage I thymoma.
D
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Adjuvant radiotherapy (technical considerations)
Definitive radiotherapy
Surgical interventions
Upfront surgery, indications
As per ESMO 2015 guidelines:
Assess resectability mostly based on the surgeon's expertise. Discuss indications for surgery in a multidisciplinary tumor board setting.
B
Perform surgery as the first step of the treatment if complete resection is deemed to be achievable upfront.
B
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Upfront surgery (technical considerations)
Debunking surgery