Table of contents
Moyamoya disease
What's new
Updated 2023 ESO guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Moyamoya disease.
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of moyamoya disease are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the European Stroke Organisation (ESO/VASCERN 2023), the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS/JSS/MHLW 2022), the American Heart Association (AHA/ASA 2021), the American Society of Hematology (ASH 2020), the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP 2012), the Ministry of Health, Labour ...
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Diagnostic investigations
Diagnostic imaging: as per ESO/VASCERN 2023 guidelines, consider obtaining hemodynamic assessment (CT, MRI, SPECT, PET, or ultrasound) in the diagnostic evaluation of all patients with Moyamoya disease to help in decision-making and for further analysis in guiding future decisions.
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Genetic testing
Medical management
Intravenous thrombolysis: as per JNS/JSS/MHLW 2022 guidelines, consider administering intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA under careful evaluation of the risk of hemorrhagic complication in the hyperacute phase of cerebral ischemia in patients with Moyamoya disease.
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Antiplatelet therapy
BP control
Nonoperative management
Surgical interventions
Surgical revascularization, indications: as per ESO/VASCERN 2023 guidelines, perform surgical revascularization (evidence only for direct superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass) in case of cerebral hemodynamic impairment and the presence of choroidal collaterals in adult patients with Moyamoya disease with a hemorrhagic presentation.
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Surgical revascularization (timing)
Surgical revascularization (settings)
Surgical revascularization (technical considerations)