Table of contents
Expand All Topics
Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2/PALISI 2023).
1
Screening and diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria, patients without chronic cardiorespiratory disease: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, use the PALICC-2 criteria for the diagnosis of PARDS in < 18 years old patients without active perinatal lung disease.
⁄
Show 6 more
More topics in this section
Diagnostic criteria (patients with chronic cardiorespiratory disease)
Classification and risk stratification
Risk stratification: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, use oxygenation index or oxygen saturation index, in preference to PaO2/FiO2 or SpO2/FiO2, as the primary metric of lung disease severity to define PARDS in all patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, with PaO2 used preferentially when available.
⁄
Show 4 more
Diagnostic investigations
Diagnostic imaging
As per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines:
Obtain chest imaging for the diagnosis of PARDS, to detect complications (such as air leak or equipment displacement) and to assess severity.
E
Insufficient evidence to support the routine use of chest CT, lung ultrasound, and electrical impedance tomography.
I
More topics in this section
Laboratory tests
Respiratory support
Prone positioning: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, insufficient evidence to recommend for or against prone positioning in patients with PARDS.
I
More topics in this section
Airway clearance
Endotracheal suctioning
Noninvasive ventilation (indications)
Noninvasive ventilation (technical considerations)
Invasive ventilation (indications)
Invasive ventilation (technical considerations)
Invasive ventilation (weaning)
ECMO (indications)
ECMO (technical considerations)
ECMO (follow-up)
Medical management
Fluid management: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, consider administering fluids with a daily goal collaboratively established by the interprofessional team to maintain optimal oxygen delivery and preserve end-organ function while preventing fluid overload in patients with PARDS.
C
More topics in this section
Sedation
Prevention of delirium
Neuromuscular blockade
Therapies with no evidence for benefit
Inpatient care
Clinical monitoring: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, obtain clinical monitoring of continuous respiratory frequency, HR, pulse oximetry, and regular intermittent noninvasive BP in all patients with PARDS.
E
More topics in this section
Hemodynamic monitoring
Respiratory monitoring
Nonpharmacologic interventions
Nutritional support: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, consider initiating enteral nutrition early (< 72 hours) when feasible over parenteral nutrition or delayed enteral nutrition in patients with PARDS.
C
Show 3 more
More topics in this section
Rehabilitation
Therapeutic procedures
Follow-up and surveillance
Follow-up: as per PALICC-2/PALISI 2023 guidelines, advise the patient's primary care providers to screen for post-ICU morbidities within 3 months of discharge from the hospital. Use a stepwise approach to clinical evaluation of post-ICU morbidities with initial screening by a primary care provider or electronic/telephonic screen.
E
Show 3 more